


At the time, Bell Labs was the research arm of AT&T. Tanenbaum later developed the first gas-diffused silicon transistor, which could amplify and switch signals above 100 megahertz at a switching speed 10 times that of previous silicon transistors.ĭespite Tanenbaum’s early work on silicon transistors, AT&T did not support further research or advancement of the technology. In 1955 he and colleague Ernest Buehler demonstrated the first silicon transistor. Two years later, under the direction of physicist and inventor William Shockley, who at the time worked at Bell Labs, Tanenbaum began investigating whether silicon crystals could be used for transistors. He began his career in 1952 at Bell Labs, in Murray Hill, N.J., as a researcher in its chemical physics department. His discovery paved the way for more efficient transistors critical in technologies that ushered in the Information Age. Thus, a weak signal (0.1V) applied to the input circuit appears in the amplified form (10V) in the collector circuit.Tanenbaum’s research in the mid-1950s proved that silicon was a better semiconductor material for transistors than germanium, which was commonly used at the time. When collector current flows through such a high resistance, it produces a large voltage drop across it. In the collector circuit, a load resistor R C of high value is connected. This change is almost the same in collector current because of the transmitter action. When a weak signal is applied to the input, a small change in signal voltage causes a change in emitter current (or we can say a change of 0.1V in signal voltage causes a change of 1mA in the emitter current) because the input circuit has very low resistance. The DC voltage V EE keeps the emitter-base junction under the forward biased condition regardless of the polarity of the input signal and is known as a bias voltage. The DC voltage V EE is applied to the input circuit along with the input signal to achieve the amplification.

The input signal or weak signal is applied across the emitter base and the output is obtained to the load resistor R C which is connected in the collector circuit.
